"The principal and primary function of banks is to serve as middlemen in the making of payments. In so doing they transform inactive money capital into active," -- V. I. Lenin, Imperialism (1920), ch. 2, p. 45, on what smaller banks used to do.
"[T]he 'conscious regulation' of economic life by the banks consists in the fleecing of the public by a handful of 'completely organised' monopolists." -- V. I. Lenin, Imperialism (1920), ch. 2, p. 52, in allusion to comments by "Schulze-Gaevernits, an apologist of German imperialism".
"The public money supply should not be source of private profit." -- James Robertson, interview (2009), 2min15.
"[T]he International Monetary Fund [IMF] basically acted as the world's debt enforcers---'You might say, the high-finance equivalent of the guys who come to break your legs.'" -- David Graeber, Debt: The First 5000 Years (2011), p. 2
"Banking is a confidence game. When confidence sags, the whole construct comes tumbling down. And the first movers have a big advantage in getting their cash out in in time. ... Problems at a big bank are always categorically denied by both the government and the bank. Banking is a confidence game, and confidence has to be maintained at all costs or else the bank is toast." -- Wolf Richter, "I am in Awe of How Fast Deutsche Bank is Falling Apart" (Sept. 29, 2016), Wolf Street.
"the Treasury-bill standard. The main way that foreign economies have stabilized their exchange rate since 1971 has indeed been to recycle their dollar inflows into U.S. Treasury securities."
[...]
To protect themselves from U.S. sanctions, countries would have to avoid using the dollar, and hence U.S. banks. This would require creation of a non-dollarized financial system for use among themselves, including their own alternative to the SWIFT bank clearing system.
[...]
Dedollarization will require creation of multilateral alternatives to U.S. “front” institutions such as the World Bank, IMF and other agencies in which the United States holds veto power to block any alternative policies deemed not to let it “win.” U.S. trade policy through the World Bank and U.S. foreign aid agencies aims at promoting dependency on U.S. food exports and other key commodities, while hiring U.S. engineering firms to build up export infrastructure to subsidize U.S. and other natural-resource investors. The financing is mainly in dollars, providing risk-free bonds to U.S. and other financial institutions. The resulting commercial and financial “interdependency” has led to a situation in which a sudden interruption of supply would disrupt foreign economies by causing a breakdown in their chain of payments and production. The effect is to lock client countries into dependency on the U.S. economy and its diplomacy, euphemized as “promoting growth and development.” - Michael Hudson, 2019, "U.S. Economic Warfare and Likely Foreign Defenses", CounterPunch.
* * *
key concepts: gold standard, full reserve-banking/100% money (Vollgeld), Silvio Gesell's free money (Freigeld), demurrage (Umlaufsicherung), modern monetary theory, monetary reform,
[introduction yet to come]
* * *
Bernard Lietaer homepage "Currency Solutions for a Wiser World"
CoinDesk "Leader in blockchain news"
Complementary Currency Resource Center
Gold Standard Institute International (-> the definition of money, classroom)
International Movement for Monetary Reform (IMMF)
James Robertson "working for a sane alternative"
Steve Keen's Debtwatch "Analysing the Collapse of the Global Debt Bubble"
The Cobden Center "For Honest Money and Social Progress"
European Network on Debt and Development (Eurodad)
Finance Watch "Making finance serve society"
Quantitative Easing for People "A Rescue Plan for the Eurozone"
Sovereign Money "Website for new currency theorie and monetary reform" by Joseph Huber
Christoph Pfluger "Die Welt braucht Geldreform"
Finance Watch "Für eine Finanzindustrie, die der Gesellschaft dient"
Initiative für Natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung (wiki)
Monneta "Damit das Geld uns allen dient"
Neue Geldordnung "Wege und Ziele einer Geldreformbewegung"
Norbert Haering "Geld und mehr"
Regiogeld "Der neue Herzschlag der Region"
Vollgeld.de "Website für neue Currency Theorie und Geldreform" by Joseph Huber
IMMF -> fairmoney Australia
Genossenschaft/Bank für Gemeinwohl -> Akademie
Gradido "Natürliche Ökonomie des Lebens"
IMMF -> Monetative.at
Initiative für Natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung AT
Lifesense Institute "Das Fachinstitut für Werteverwirklichung und Geldforschung"
Sonnenzeit "Wirtschaft für ein gutes Leben" (pdf in English)
Initiative für Natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung DE
Christen für gerechte Wirtschaftsordnung (their network)
GLS Bank "das macht Sinn"
IMMF -> Monetative
Regionalwährungen
IMMF -> Money Reforms India
IMMF -> PositiveMoneyNZ
IMMF -> First Source Money
American Monetary Institute (AMI) "The independent study of monetary history, theory and reform"
Public Banking Institute "Banking in the Public Interest"
Strike Debt! "Debt Resistance for the 99%"
* * *
Brown, Ellen, 2012, The Web of Debt, 5th edition, revised and updated, Baton Rouge: Third Millenium Press.
Brown, Ellen, 2013, The Public Banking Solution, Baton Rouge: Third Millenium Press.
Creutz, Helmut, 2012, The Money Syndrome: Towards a Market Economy Free from Crises, The Fast-Print Bookshop.
Fisher, Irving, 1935, 100% Money and the Public Debt (free online version),
Galbraith, John K., 1975, Money: Whence It Came, Where It Went, Houghton Mifflin.
Giller, Herbert, 2015, What Comes After Capitalism? The Manifesto of Moral Solidarity, Edition Moralsolid.
Graeber, David, (list of publications)
Graeber, David, 2001, Toward An Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of Our Dreams, Palgrave Macmillan.
Graeber, David, 2011, Debt: The First 5000 Years, New York: Melville House.
Graeber, David, 2012, The Debt Resistors' Operations Manual, a project of StrikeDebt/OccupyWallStreet.
Graeber, David, 2012, Can debt spark a revolution?, Nation (24 Sep 2012)
Greider, William, 1988, Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the Country, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Greider, William, 1989, The Trouble with Money: A Prescription for America's Financial Fever, Knoxville, TN: Whittle Direct Books.
Greider, William, 1997, One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Hahn, Ludwig Albert, 1949, The Economics of Illusion. A Critical Analysis of Contemporary Economic Theory and Policy, New York: Squier.
Haering, Norbert, 2017, "A Well-Kept Open Secret: Washington Is Behind India’s Brutal Demonetization Project", Asia-Pacific Research, Jan. 1, 2017.
Haering, Norbert, 2017, "How India became Bill Gates' guinea pig: A conspiracy as recounted by the main actors", Norber Haering homepage, Feb. 21, 2017.
Huber, Joseph, 1999, "Plain Money. A Proposal for Supplying the Nations with the Necessary Means in a Modern Monetary System", Der Hallesche Graureiher, 99(3).
Huber, Joseph, 2001, "Seigniorage Reform and Plain Money", paper prepared for the Forum for Stable Currencies, House of Lords, London, June 20, 2001.
Keynes, John M., 1936, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Palgrave McMillan.
Lietaer, Bernard, 2001, The Future of Money: Creating New Wealth, Work and a Wiser World, Random House.
Lietaer, Bernard; Belgin, Stephen, 2011, New Money for a New World, Qiterra Press.
Lietaer, Bernard; Kennedy, Margrit; Rogers, John, 2012, People Money: The promise of regional currencies, Triarchy Press.
Lietaer, Bernard; Arnsperger, Christian; Goerner, Sally; Brunnhuber, Stefan, 2012, Money and Sustainability: The Missing Link, Triarchy Press.
Lietaer, Bernard; Dunne, Jacqui, 2013, Rethinking Money: How new currencies turn scarcity into prosperity, San Fransisco: Berrett-Koehler.
McLeay, Michael, Amar Radia and Ryland Thomas, 2014, "Money creation in the modern economy", Quarterly Bulletin of the Bank of England, 2014(Q1).
Mosley, Ivo, 2017, "Bank Robbery: Why Are Banks Allowed to Create Money?", Positive Money, June 17, 2017.
Orrell, David; Chlupatý, Roman, 2016, The Evolution of Money, Columbia University Press.
Orrell, David; Wilmott, Paul, 2017, The Money Formula: Dodgy Finance, Pseudo Science, and How Mathematicians Took Over the Markets, Wiley.
Pettifor, Ann, 2006, The Coming First World Debt Crisis, Palgrave MacMillan.
Pettifor, Ann, 2014, Just Money: How Society Can Break the Despotic Power of
Finance, Commonwealth Publishing.
Pettifor, Ann, 2017, The
Production of Money - How to Break the Power of Bankers, Verso.
Positive Money, 2018, Escaping Growth Dependency: Why reforming money will reduce the need to pursue economic growth at any cost to the environment.
regional or community currencies in the USA, list of, wikipedia.
Robertson, James, (books, articles, video & audio).
Robertson, James & Huber, Joseph, 2000, Creating New Money: A Monetary Reform for the Information Age, New Economics Foundation.
Robertson, James & Bunzl, John, 2004, Monetary Reform: Making It Happen!, International Simultaneous Policy Organisation.
Robertson, James, 2012, Future Money: Breakthrough or Breakdown, Green Books.
Stern, Gary H. & Feldman, Ron, 2004, Too Big To Fail: The Hazard of Bank Bailouts, Brookings Institution Press.
Streithorst, Tom, 2016, "What Keeps the Rich and Powerful up at Night, and Why They’re Happy You Don’t Care", Evonomics, Sept. 2, 2016.
Whitney, Mike, 2016, "The Biggest Heist in Human History", Counterpunch, Sept. 30, 2016.
Zarlenga, Stephen, 2002, The Lost Science of Money: The Mythology of Money - The Story of Power, American Monetary Institute.
attac.at, "Ranking: Schweiz und USA wichtigste Schattenfinanz-Zentren", 30. Jän., 2018.
Binswanger, Hans Christoph, 2010, Geld und Magie: Eine ökonomische Deutung von Goethes Faust, Murmann.
Binswanger, Hans Christoph, 2013, Die Wachstumsspirale: Geld, Energie und Imagination in der Dynamik des Marktprozesse, 4., durchgesehene Auflage, Metropolis.
Club of Vienna (Hg.), 2016, Wie viel Geld verträgt die Welt? Analysen und Alternativen, Wien: Mandelbaum Verlag.
Creutz, Helmut, 2004, Die 29 Irrtümer rund ums Geld, Signum.
Creutz, Helmut, 2012, Das Geld-Syndrom 2012: Wege zu einer krisenfreien Wirtschaftsordnung (aktualisierte Neuausgabe), Mainz.
Dietz, Raimund, 2016, Geld und Schuld - eine ökonomische Theorie der Gesellschaft, (Vortrag), 5., überarbeitete Auflage, Marburg: Metropolis-Verlag.
Felber, Christian, 2014, Geld: Die neuen Spielregeln, Wien: Deuticke.
Gesell, Silvio, 1916, Die natürliche Wirtschaftsordnung durch Freigeld und Freiland, Selbstverlag.
Giller, Herbert, 2012/2014, Was kommt nach dem Kapitalismus? Das moralisch-solidarische Manifest, Edition Moralsolid.
Graeber, David, 2011, Schulden: Die Ersten 5000 Jahre, Klett-Cotta.
Haering, Norbert, 2016, Die Abschaffung des Bargelds und die Folgen: Der Weg in die totale Kontrolle, Hugendugel.
Hahn, Ludwig Albert, 1920, Volkswirtschaftliche Theorie des Bankkredits, Tübingen: Mohr.
Hahn, Ludwig Albert, 1924, Unsere Währungslage im Lichte der Geldtheorie, Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter Societäts-Druckerei.
Hahn, Ludwig Albert, 1931, Kredit und Krise. Ein Vortrag über Aufgaben und Grenzen der monetären Konjunkturpolitik, Tübingen: Mohr.
Huber, Joseph, (Publikationen)
Huber, Joseph, 1998, Vollgeld: Beschäftigung, Grundsicherung und weniger Staatsquote durch eine modernisierte Geldordnung, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.
Huber, Joseph, 2004, "Reform der Geldschöpfung. Wiederherstellung des staatlichen Geldregals und der Seigniorage durch Vollgeld", Zeitschrift für Sozialökonomie, 41(142), 13–21.
Huber, Joseph & Robertson, James, 2008, Geldschöpfung in öffentlicher Hand: Weg zu einer gerechten Geldordnung im Informationszeitalter (Auszug), Kiel: Gauke GmbH -- Verlag für Sozialökonomie.
Huber, Joseph, 2016, Monetäre Modernisierung. Zur Zukunft der Geldordnung: Vollgeld und Monetative, 5., durchgesehene Auflage, Marburg: Metropolis.
Hückstädt, Bernd, 2013, Gradido: Natürliche Ökonomie des Lebens, 2. Auflage, Gradido-Akademie.
Margrit, Kennedy, 1990/1994, Geld ohne Zinsen und Inflation, München: Goldmann.
Margrit, Kennedy; Lietaer, Bernard A, 2004, Regionalwährungen. Neue Wege zu nachhaltigem Wohlstand, Riemann/Random House.
Meyer, Claus, 2017, Mensch bleiben: Warum machen Menschen sich ihr Leben so schwer, Tredition.
Pfluger, Christoph, 2015, Das nächste Geld, Edition Zeitpunkt.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/die-zehn-fallgruben-unseres-geldsystems-christoph-pfluger?articleId=6051801215967195136
Regionalgelder, Liste der, wikipedia.
Schreyer, Paul, 2016, Wer regiert das Geld?, Westend Verlag.
Simmel, Georg, 1900, Philosophie des Geldes (pdf), Berlin: Duncker & Humboldt.
Schulmeister, Stephan, 2009, "Geld als Mittel zum (Selbst)Zweck", In: Konrad Paul Liessmann (Hrsg.), Geld. Was die Welt im Innersten zusammenhält?, Wien: Zsolnay.
Wohlmeyer, Heinrich (Zukunftsmanifest), 2012, Empörung in Europa: Wege aus der Krise, Ibera / European University Press.
Zarlenga, Stephen, 2008, Der Mythos vom Geld - die Geschichte der Macht: Vom Tauschhandel zum Euro: eine Geschichte des Geldes und der Währungen, Conzett Verlag.
Zoche, Georg, 2009, Welt Macht Geld, Wolfgang Farkas.
corbettreport, 2014, Century of Enslavement: The History of the Federal Reserve.
Monneta.org, 2013, A flaw in the monetary system?
Mayrhofer, F., Gerechtes Geld – gerechte Welt: Erkenntnisse des Wirtschaftsanalytikers H. Creutz.
Monneta.org, 2013, Fehler im Geldsystem?
von Bock, Max, 2006, Wie funktioniert Geld? Teil 1, Teil 2, Teil 3.